Summer 2024
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Summer 2024
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Volume 82, Number 4
Summer 2024

The California School Boards Association is the essential voice for public education. We inspire our members to be knowledgeable leaders, extraordinary governance practitioners and ardent advocates for all students.

Table of Contents
Table of Contents
features
zoomed, cropped view of The end of ESSER feature graphic

Local educational agencies ready for fiscal realities as pandemic relief expires

by Heather Kemp

zoomed, cropped view of United we stand feature graphic

Building a high-functioning governance team

by Kimberly Sellery

zoomed, cropped view of Cellphone bans feature graphic

Lessons learned from schools that have implemented smartphone restrictions

by Alisha Kirby

departments
CEO’s note
by Vernon M. Billy
5
Legal insights
by Kristin Lindgren-Bruzzone
7
Research spotlight
by Naomi Eason
9
BoardWise
by Merrill Grant, Monika Moulin and Sepideh Yeoh
15
CSBA at issue
by Emily F. Popek
19
From the field
by John Stouffer
23
A conversation with…
Autumn Boylan, deputy director, Office of Strategic Partnerships, California Department of Health Care Services
47
Vernon M. Billy headshot

CEO’s note

by Vernon M. Billy

Practicality and principle

CSBA’s battle to protect Prop 98
I

n his final presidential address, Abraham Lincoln told the nation, “Important principles may and must be inflexible.” As a man who had recently led America through the most searing conflict in its history, Lincoln knew that maintaining core values requires constant vigilance. He also realized that the occasional lapse, the seemingly innocuous exception, can devolve into a habit that deprives a man, a community or a country of its integrity.

This same principle applies to institutions like CSBA and drives our relentless defense of Proposition 98, the bedrock of California’s education funding system. Our aggressive advocacy frustrates some people here in the Capital who feel we’re excessive or too dogmatic when we insist Prop 98 be followed to the letter of the law. These criticisms, however, ring hollow. CSBA is guided not by the approval of our colleagues in Sacramento, but rather by the needs of our members — and because we understand, as Lincoln did, that unless key principles are guarded zealously, they cease to have meaning.

CSBA 2024 Board of Directors

  • Tyler Nelson
    Region 1, Ukiah USD
  • Bruce Ross
    Region 2, Redding ESD
  • David T. Gracia
    Region 3, Napa Valley USD
  • Renee Nash
    Region 4, Eureka Union SD
  • Alisa MacAvoy
    Region 5, Redwood City ESD
  • Jackie Wong
    Region 6, Washington USD
  • Rachel Hurd
    Region 7, San Ramon Valley USD
  • Christopher “Kit” Oase
    Region 8, Ripon USD
  • Roger Snyder
    Region 9, Scotts Valley USD
  • Kathy Spate
    Region 10, Caruthers USD
  • Sabrena Rodriguez
    Region 11, Ventura USD
  • William Farris
    Region 12, Sierra Sands USD
  • John McPherson
    Region 14, Monterey COE
  • Susan Henry
    Region 15, Huntington Beach Union HSD
  • Karen Gray
    Region 16, Silver Valley USD
  • Eleanor Evans
    Region 17, Oceanside USD
  • Bruce Dennis
    Region 18, Riverside COE
  • Devon Conley
    Region 20, Mountain View Whisman SD
  • Tanya Ortiz Franklin
    Region 21, Los Angeles USD
  • Nancy Smith
    Region 22, Palmdale SD
  • Helen Hall
    Region 23, Walnut Valley USD
  • Jan Baird
    Region 24, South Whittier ESD
  • Chris Clark
    Director-at-Large African American, Folsom-Cordova USD
  • Christina Cameron-Otero
    Director-at-Large American Indian, Needles USD
  • Sylvia Leong
    Director-at-Large Asian/Pacific Islander, Cupertino Union SD
  • Michael Teasdale
    Director-at-Large County, Ventura COE
  • Joaquín Rivera
    Director-at-Large Hispanic, Alameda COE
Portrait headshot close-up photograph view of Kristin Lindgren-Bruzzone smiling

legal insights

by Kristin Lindgren-Bruzzone

Board members and incompatible offices

W

hile many school board members find that their responsibilities in that elected office are more than enough to keep them busy, some seek to hold additional elected or appointed public offices.

vector illustration of a large dark grey arrown pointing to the lower right amidst a large group of smaller white arrows pointing to the upper left
Though this dedication to public service is commendable, seeking multiple public offices comes with some risk where the offices could by law be deemed “incompatible offices,” thereby resulting in forfeiture of the original office held. On May 1, 2024, the Attorney General issued an opinion that further elucidates this area of the law as it applies to county board members.

The doctrine of incompatible offices was originally established under “common law” — law created by courts via written judicial opinions — that dates back to the 1920s in California. In 1925, the Second District Court of Appeal ruled that there was incompatibility between the offices of “justice of the peace” and “police judge” in People ex rel. Goodell v. Garrett (1925) 72 Cal.App. 452. Since then, California courts and the Attorney General Rob Bonta have opined on this doctrine numerous times, culminating in the Legislature codifying the principles in Government Code section 1099 in 2005. The principles of incompatible offices have largely remained the same since the Goodell case.

California Schools logo
Chief Information Officer
Troy Flint, tflint@csba.org

Editorial Director
Kimberly Sellery, ksellery@csba.org

Staff Writers
Heather Kemp, hkemp@csba.org
Alisha Kirby, akirby@csba.org

Director of Graphic Design and Branding
Kerry Macklin, kmacklin@csba.org

Director of Marketing and Communications
Monica Griffis, mgriffis@csba.org

Senior Graphic Designer
Amanda Moen, amoen@csba.org

Circulation and Advertising
csba@csba.org

CSBA officers
President
Albert Gonzalez, Santa Clara USD

President-elect
Bettye Lusk, Monterey Peninsula USD

Vice President
Debra Schade, Solana Beach SD

Immediate Past President
Susan Markarian, Pacific Union ESD

CEO & Executive Director
Vernon M. Billy

California Schools (ISSN 1081-8936) is published quarterly by the California School Boards Association, Inc., 3251 Beacon Boulevard, West Sacramento, CA 95691, (916) 371-4691. $2 of CSBA membership dues goes toward the subscription to California Schools magazine for each board member and superintendent. The subscription rate for each CSBA nonmember is $20. Periodicals postage paid at West Sacramento, CA and at additional mailing office. Postmaster: Send address changes to California Schools, 3251 Beacon Blvd., West Sacramento, CA 95691.

Articles submitted to California Schools are edited for style, content and space prior to publication. Views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent CSBA policies or positions. Articles may not be reproduced without written permission of the publisher. Endorsement by CSBA of products and services advertised in California Schools is not implied or expressed.

CSBA and NSPRA logos
naomi eason headshot
research spotlight

By naomi eason

CSBA advisory group focuses on the needs of small districts

I

n California, more than half of school board members serve in school districts with an average daily attendance (ADA) of 2,500 or fewer students. These small school districts face a range of challenges and opportunities related to their size. To ensure CSBA understands and addresses the needs of small school districts, the association convenes the Small School District Advisory Workgroup.

The workgroup meets virtually every month and holds an in-person session during the Annual Education Conference and Trade Show (AEC). Recent discussion topics include county office of education services to small local educational agencies, the Local Control and Accountability Plan template, state and federal reporting requirements, categorical programs, extended learning opportunities, educator shortages and CSBA’s GAMUT Policy platform. The conversations highlight some of the unique struggles small LEAs face.

class act Best practices in action

class act
Best practices in action

CSBA's Golden Bell Awards Winner logo

class act
Best practices in action

CSBA's Golden Bell Awards Winner logo

Making outdoor classrooms in the Mojave

Morongo USD project proves beneficial for student attendance, success

A campus located in the Mojave Desert might not have the kind of climate that first comes to mind when people envision outdoor learning — but it’s proving to be an ideal environment in Morongo Unified School District.

Launched in 2020 as part of a comprehensive plan to increase student engagement and achievement, the Outdoor Classroom Project at Yucca Valley Elementary School (YVES) has led to the development of three garden areas, outdoor seating for various classrooms, a designated reading spot and the installation of high-quality equipment that transitional kindergarten and kindergarten students use for “creative play.”

Headshot of Merrill Grant
Headshot of Monika Moulin
Headshot of Sepideh Yeoh

BoardWise

by Merrill Grant, Monika Moulin and Sepideh Yeoh
Boardwise is a forum for board members and superintendents across the state to share questions about governance and board–superintendent relations. Send your questions to boardwise@csba.org. Have governance team questions that require personal attention? Reach out to CSBA for a customized Governance Consulting Workshop with our experts at gcs@csba.org

Shifting mindsets

The benefits of well-structured CTE pathways

I

n the dynamic landscape of education, where the journey from classroom to career is increasingly intertwined, career technical education (CTE) pathways are beacons of experiential learning.

instructor teaching two students robotics

They offer students a curriculum and a roadmap to navigate the complexities of modern-day industries. For governance team members, understanding and supporting the significance of well-structured CTE pathways is paramount in shaping the educational landscape of tomorrow.

In recent years, California has witnessed a significant investment, exceeding $3 billion, in bolstering CTE programs across its high schools. This is not just a financial commitment; it’s an investment in our students’ future and our communities’ prosperity. As enrollment in CTE pathways continues to climb, it underscores the growing recognition of its importance in preparing students for the diverse careers awaiting them.

Emily F. Popek headshot

csba at issue

By Emily F. Popek

Telehealth network offers new hope for rural students

It started with a dream, whispered in someone’s ear. Less than two years later, that dream became a reality.
W

hen Lori Gonzalez began her superintendency at the Lamont Elementary School District (LESD) in 2022, she found a rural, low-income community where absenteeism had become a significant problem.

woman sitting on the couch with her feet up and watching a video from her laptop
The district had been promoting an attendance campaign called “Five or Less,” encouraging families to strive for no more than five absences per school year. But it was clear that encouragement alone was not enough. There were too many other barriers that LESD students faced, and a big one was access to health care.

“I knew what these families were going through,” Gonzalez said. “I remember growing up as an immigrant child, and you either went to work anyway, or you waited until you were really sick. My parents worked in the fields, and they couldn’t afford to miss work to take us to the doctor.”

John Stouffer headshot
from the field
by John Stouffer

Compton Unified School District

Pioneering transformation and educational excellence
O

n June 6, the Compton Unified School District (CUSD) celebrated a significant milestone at the Long Beach Terrace Theater, when 915 graduating seniors from its four high schools proudly received their diplomas.

graduates throwing their caps in the air
With more than 90 percent of the scholars heading to college this fall, the event symbolized the district’s remarkable transformation led by the board of trustees’ relentless efforts to uplift the local community and close the opportunity gap.
Steadfast leadership and visionary change
CUSD operates 36 schools and educates nearly 20,000 scholars. The board of trustees, led by Board President Micah Ali, who has served for 17 years, and Vice President Satra Zurita, with 19 years of service, has been at the forefront of pioneering changes within CUSD. Along with board members Sandra Moss, Alma Taylor-Pleasant, Ayanna Davis, Denzell Perry and Michael Hooper, their strategic vision and unwavering commitment to focus on students’ needs have guided the district through this period of transformation, ensuring our scholars have the best resources and opportunities to prepare them for the future.
The End of ESSER typography and feature graphic

by Heather Kemp

Local educational agencies ready for fiscal realities as pandemic relief expires

The End of ESSER typography

The beginning of the 2024–25 academic year coincides with the end of an era for local educational agencies across the U.S.

The third and final round of federal Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief (ESSER) dollars that have flowed through school systems since shortly after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic must be obligated by Sept. 30, 2024.
colorful digital illustration of silhouettes of people
United We Stand

Building a high-functioning governance team

by Kimberly Sellery
The number of California school superintendents quitting or retiring has escalated in recent years, despite increased salaries and benefits.
In fact, superintendent turnover in the state grew from 11.7 percent after the 2019–20 school year, to nearly 30 percent after the 2020–21 school year, then back down to just over 18 percent after the 2021–22 school year, according to data from Rachel S. White, an assistant professor at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville.

Research has found that leadership stability contributes to the success of an organization, while superintendent turnover creates “academic instability and organizational dysfunction,” according to a report by AASA, the School Superintendent Association. The report also cites research that superintendent turnover creates frustration in school districts due to ever-shifting priorities among school leaders, resulting in improvement efforts that are often not sustained.

cellphone
bans
Lessons learned from schools that have implemented smartphone restrictions

By Alisha Kirby

T

here’s no denying the value of smartphones. Many people pay their bills, keep up with the news, connect with family and friends and perform other daily tasks on the devices. However, as schools try to re-engage students and address increasingly poor behavior in the classroom after the disruption caused by pandemic closures, many districts are re-examining whether to adjust policies further limiting students’ use of cellphones on campuses.

In 2009, 90 percent of U.S. schools had established some kind of cellphone-use ban, compared to about 67 percent in 2015. By 2020, the percentage of schools with such policies rebounded to nearly 77 percent, according to data released in 2023 by the National Center for Education Statistics.

cellphone
bans
Lessons learned from schools that have implemented smartphone restrictions

By Alisha Kirby

T

here’s no denying the value of smartphones. Many people pay their bills, keep up with the news, connect with family and friends and perform other daily tasks on the devices. However, as schools try to re-engage students and address increasingly poor behavior in the classroom after the disruption caused by pandemic closures, many districts are re-examining whether to adjust policies further limiting students’ use of cellphones on campuses.

In 2009, 90 percent of U.S. schools had established some kind of cellphone-use ban, compared to about 67 percent in 2015. By 2020, the percentage of schools with such policies rebounded to nearly 77 percent, according to data released in 2023 by the National Center for Education Statistics.

child sitting on at a table using their cell phone

Advertorial

Smithsonian Launches Online Lesson that Investigates Long-Omitted Information on California’s Gold Rush
portrait of Native American woman

A new digital lesson from the Smithsonian’s National Museum of the American Indian, “The Impact of the Gold Rush on Native Americans of California: A Source Investigation,” offers insights into a little-known but vitally important aspect of one of the most iconic events in American history—the California gold rush. The inclusion of this content adds a long-omitted piece of American history to the traditionally taught gold rush narrative and provides an opportunity for the acknowledgement of the atrocities committed against California’s Native peoples during this era. The lesson is now available online.

a conversation with…

Autumn Boylan

Portrait headshot close-up photograph view of Autumn Boylan smiling
Autumn Boylan is a recognized public health and Medicaid expert and deputy director of the Office of Strategic Partnerships at the California Department of Health Care Services (DHCS). Putting equity and access at the center of her leadership, she leads the development of two of the nation’s largest initiatives supporting systemic improvements in behavioral health: the Children and Youth Behavioral Health Initiative, a $4.7 billion effort to reimagine behavioral health access and outcomes for children and youth; and the CalAIM Justice-Involved Initiative, which seeks to improve coverage and continuity of health services to justice-involved individuals. Together, these initiatives represent a historic investment in the well-being of the state’s most vulnerable populations. With 16-plus years of expertise in state health program delivery, Boylan is recognized for her ability to drive novel innovation and coordinate highly complex statewide partnerships at the intersections of Medicaid, public health, equity, education, justice and more.

a conversation with…

Autumn Boylan
Autumn Boylan is a recognized public health and Medicaid expert and deputy director of the Office of Strategic Partnerships at the California Department of Health Care Services (DHCS). Putting equity and access at the center of her leadership, she leads the development of two of the nation’s largest initiatives supporting systemic improvements in behavioral health: the Children and Youth Behavioral Health Initiative, a $4.7 billion effort to reimagine behavioral health access and outcomes for children and youth; and the CalAIM Justice-Involved Initiative, which seeks to improve coverage and continuity of health services to justice-involved individuals. Together, these initiatives represent a historic investment in the well-being of the state’s most vulnerable populations. With 16-plus years of expertise in state health program delivery, Boylan is recognized for her ability to drive novel innovation and coordinate highly complex statewide partnerships at the intersections of Medicaid, public health, equity, education, justice and more.
Portrait headshot close-up photograph view of Autumn Boylan smiling
Landscape close-up photograph view of two young female individuals seated down in chairs amongst a mental health discussion group inside an open-area office room of some sort
In January, DHCS released two apps to support student mental health — Soluna is intended for young people 13-25 and BrightLife Kids is designed for young children and their parents to use together.
What are the most common mental health issues you are seeing among K-12 students?
Elementary school students between kindergarten and third grade most commonly experience issues with sleep habits, tantrums and nonverbal communication. Students between fourth and seventh grade most commonly face such issues as relationship stress, organizational challenges, school/family transitions, sadness, anger and screen time. As such, BrightLife Kids prioritizes support for these focus areas for young students and their parents or caregivers.
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