“We recognize for those kids that they need extra support and extra care, both from their caregivers and, if necessary, from a health or mental health provider,” Burke-Harris said.
Dr. Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola, director of the UC Davis Center for Reducing Health Disparities, agreed, adding that in addition to fear that their parents or themselves will be infected and sadness from not being around friends and teachers, children are at a higher risk of abuse or witnessing domestic abuse at this time with so many parents dealing with their own extreme stressors.
“We need to think not only of the pandemic crisis, but also the employment crisis and housing crisis, and what we will start to see, in my opinion, is a more pressing mental health crisis,” Aguilar-Gaxiola said.
An overwhelming scientific consensus demonstrates that cumulative adversity, particularly during critical and sensitive developmental periods, is a root cause to some of the most harmful, persistent and expensive health challenges facing our nation. The term adverse childhood experiences or “ACEs” refers to 10 categories of stressful or traumatic events comprising physical, emotional or sexual abuse; physical or emotional neglect or “household dysfunction” including parental incarceration; mental illness; substance dependence; parental separation or divorce; or intimate partner violence.
Burke-Harris spoke at length about how ACEs can impact education, what schools can do to help lessen toxic stress in children and how the COVID-19 pandemic is affecting student well-being in the summer 2020 issue of California Schools magazine (https://bit.ly/33CtMSh). Experiencing ACEs is one of the strongest predictors of early onset mental illness and is strongly associated with poor physical health with age, Aguilar-Gaxiola said.
“I worry about how this is affecting the way they are seeing the world now, with the fear of contact with others,” Lozano said. “We don’t know how this will impact them, but we really need to think about once this is over, how are we going to come back and help them?”
At the same time, Aguilar-Gaxiola noted that many children have not reached the stage in their development where they have the coping skills to navigate these sustained and radical transitions in their lives. And with schools closed, children may be exercising less, struggling to have their nutritional needs met and may be experiencing irregular sleep patterns.
Additionally, early identification and intervention will be vital as schools work to address mental and social-emotional health problems caused by the pandemic, Aguilar-Gaxiola said. While it is likely that mental health impacts and their resulting physical consequences will linger for years to come, there are tools for early identification, prevention and management of acute stress and anxiety that can prevent more serious problems.
Furthermore, in spite of all of the trauma people are facing right now, humans are resilient, he said. “I think we ought to purposefully enhance that resiliency with caring for one another and being understanding with one another.”