California School News masthead

July 2025 Vol. 31, 7

California School News masthead
July 2025 Vol. 31, 7
State
Policy implications of Supreme Court decision in Mahmoud v. Taylor
Upholds right of parents to opt their children out of LGBTQ+ storybooks on religious grounds
On June 27, the U.S. Supreme Court released its opinion in Mahmoud v. Taylor, which addressed whether parents/guardians must be provided with notice and allowed to opt their children out of instruction regarding “LGBTQ+ storybooks” on the grounds it violates their First Amendment rights by substantially interfering with their children’s religious development. In addition to setting new legal precedent, the opinion has significant policy implications.

This article offers an initial assessment of those implications and some related observations to help boards navigate the new legal landscape for parental notification and opt-outs in light of Mahmoud v. Taylor. CSBA will publish an initial set of updates to impacted sample policies soon, if not available by the time of this publication.

A young girl with red hair plays with colorful blocks.

Policy

Providing a high-quality and individualized education to each student with a disability is one of the most demanding and dynamic aspects of education. Developing and maintaining special education-related policies that are legally compliant and effectively implemented allows local educational agencies to best serve students and protect themselves from liability.
A red apple sits next to a stack of newspapers.

Legal

Resources
Governance
CCEE centers set goals for 2025–26
The organization focuses on supporting LEAs and student outcomes
A series of wooden blocks with icons representing steps towards a goal.
The California Collaborative for Educational Excellence (CCEE) board convened on June 12 to hear presentations on the accomplishments of the agency’s three centers in 2024–25 and their respective goals for 2025–26.

In the current year, the CCEE’s Transformative Systems for Equitable Educational Outcomes Center carried out actions to strengthen the Statewide System of Support (SSOS) through coordination and collaboration as well as the launch of the online SSOS resource hub and directory among other tasks to advance its mission of providing local educational agencies the supports they need to improve outcomes for all students.

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Staff

Chief Communications Officer:
Troy Flint | tflint@csba.org

Editorial Director:
Kimberly Sellery | ksellery@csba.org

Staff Writers and Contributors:
Alisha Kirby | akirby@csba.org
Heather Kemp | hkemp@csba.org
Chris Reefe | creefe@csba.org
Dustin Bindreiff | dbindreiff@csba.org
Kristin Lindgren-Bruzzone | klindgren-bruzzone@csba.org

Marketing & Communications Director:
Monica Griffis | mgriffis@csba.org

Graphic Design & Branding Director:
Kerry Macklin | kmacklin@csba.org

Graphic Designers:
Thairah Singharath | tsingharath@csba.org
Amanda Moen | amoen@csba.org

Officers
President:
Dr. Bettye Lusk | Monterey Peninsula USD

President-elect:
Dr. Debra Schade | Solana Beach SD

Vice President:
Sabrena Rodriguez | Ventura USD

Immediate Past President:
Albert Gonzalez | Santa Clara USD

CEO & Executive Director:
Vernon M. Billy

The California School Boards Association is the essential voice for public education. We inspire our members to be knowledgeable leaders, extraordinary governance practitioners and ardent advocates for all students.
California School News (ISSN 1091-1715) is published 11 times per year by the California School Boards Association, Inc., 3251 Beacon Blvd., West Sacramento, CA 95691. 916-371-4691. $4 of CSBA annual membership dues is for the subscription to California School News. The subscription rate for each CSBA nonmember is $35. Periodicals postage paid at West Sacramento, CA and at additional mailing office. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to California School News, 3251 Beacon Blvd., West Sacramento, CA 95691.

News and feature items submitted for publication are edited for style and space as necessary.

CSBA & NSPRA logos

President’s Message: Bettye Lusk

Districts need more options to ensure stability, continuity for students
CSBA co-sponsored bill would allow substitutes to stay in classrooms longer
As a former teacher and principal, and a current school board member, I am intimately familiar with the impact of the teacher shortage and consider it one of California’s most pressing and intractable problems. To address this multifaceted issue, schools need a wide array of options, including Assembly Bill 1224, pending state legislation that would increase continuity of instruction when teachers are out on leave and when a school struggles to fill a teacher vacancy.
POLICY
Policy updates impacting special education
New state laws related to IEPs
Providing a high-quality and individualized education to each student with a disability is one of the most demanding and dynamic aspects of education. Developing and maintaining special education-related policies that are legally compliant and effectively implemented allows local educational agencies to best serve students and protect themselves from liability.
RESOURCES
CITE shares AI resources at CSBA webinar
LEAs must protect student data privacy when acquiring new tools
Person interacting with a holographic interface showing a checklist, linked documents, and file folders, representing data organization and sharing.
On June 10, CSBA’s AI Taskforce hosted its fourth and final webinar, “Navigating AI Policy, Privacy and Procurement with CITE: A primer for TK-12 board members,” which covered five elements that local educational agencies can explore as they consider artificial intelligence (AI) and how it may fit into their schools.

Those include developing guiding principles, responsible use agreements and policy around student data privacy as well as establishing the role of institutional technology leaders and AI literacy, as discussed by Laurel Nava, deputy executive director of California IT in Education (CITE), and Kelly Hilton, director of technology at San Ramon Valley School District and a CITE-certified chief technology officer.implement those much more efficiently than in the past.

RESOURCES
California student enrollment decline continues, but decreases are slowing
Transitional kindergarten is helping fill the gaps
Enrollment in California schools continued to decline in the 2024–25 school year, but at a significantly slower rate compared to the years directly following pandemic closures when enrollment dropped by more than 200,000, according to new annual data released by the California Department of Education (CDE) in May via DataQuest.

In 2024–25, enrollment in California schools is 5,806,221 students, a decline of 0.5 percent compared to the year prior. A significant part of the slowing is a year-over-year increase in transitional kindergarten (TK) enrollment of 17.2 percent. Eighty-five percent of all local educational agencies in the state now offer a TK program. Another initiative contributing to stemming the enrollment decline is dual language immersion programs, which have seen a 39 percent increase since 2018–19.

GOVERNANCE
Arts education state snapshots reveal wide array in policies nationwide
California is one of a handful of states with dedicated arts education funding
A new state-by-state report from ArtScan — a project of the Arts Education Partnership — details the current arts education policy landscape.

The latest updates capture state arts education standards and instructional requirements, arts education assessment requirements and more. Researchers note that while many decisions around curriculum, instruction and assessment are made at the local level, access to state-level contexts can assist in identifying gaps in learning across states.

Governance corner
Practical tips from our MIG faculty
The importance of clear and consistent messaging
The concept of VUCA — volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity — was the focus of the April 2025 Governance Corner article. There is ample evidence that the volatility and complexity in education and other areas is likely to continue. As governing boards navigate the impacts of this volatility on their school systems, it may be helpful to recall how turbulent times impact the effectiveness of communication.

In their meta-analysis of 69 studies on school level leadership, the Mid-continent Research for Education and Learning’s Balanced Leadership Framework found that some leadership attributes were negatively correlated with second-order change (i.e., deep change), including communication. While the current volatility and ambiguity was not initiated by our school systems, it is certainly impacting them.

legal
CalPERS and CalSTRS considerations
Updates related to pension requirements
The month of June brought two updates related to the California Public Employees Retirement System (CalPERS) and the California State Teachers’ Retirement System (CalSTRS) that local educational agencies should be aware of. A recent Attorney General opinion and CalPERS circular letter can help LEAs ensure they are legally compliant with their responsibilities as CalPERS and CalSTRS members, and highlight where advice from legal counsel, including CSBA’s District and County Office of Education Legal Services, may be needed.
Resources
Experts detail the pros and cons of AI and young people’s well-being
Artificial intelligence cannot substitute for genuine human relationships
As the rapid advancement and accessibility of generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools such as ChatGPT transform how children interact, learn and socialize, researchers and parents alike have begun to question the impacts these shifts will have on children’s development and socialization.

Despite potential benefits, some worry that younger children in particular may face reduced opportunities for critical social interactions essential for the development of emotional intelligence, empathy and communication skills.

resources
New report highlights the state of preschool in US and California
Ten percent of the state’s 3-year-olds and 48 percent of its 4-year-olds are enrolled
three young children seated at desks raising their hands
The National Institute for Early Education Research’s (NIEER) 2024 State of Preschool report found that although state-led initiatives to advance early childhood education (ECE) hit “historic highs” in 2023–24, and preschool participation rebounded from the pandemic, overall progress has been “highly uneven from state to state.”
Resources
Fact sheets examine young people’s access to and readiness for higher education
Coordination between K-12 districts and higher ed systems would ease transition to college
The Public Policy Institute of California (PPIC) recently released two fact sheets detailing college access and readiness throughout the state.

Researchers found that the majority of California students graduate high school — thereby fulfilling one requirement for acceptance into one of the state’s four-year university systems — but less than half complete the courses required for eligibility. While well over half of graduates go to college, transfers from community colleges make up a sizable share of enrollment at both the California State University (CSU) and University of California (UC) campuses.

resources
Well-being of California children lags more than half of states
Annual report ranks state 30th in education
Of the 50 states, California ranked 32nd in the country for the overall well-being of its children, according to The Annie E. Casey Foundation’s 2025 Kids Count Data Book: State Trends in Child Well-Being.

The annual report, in its 36th year, ranks states based on indicators associated with the well-being of young people including their economic circumstances, education, health, and family and community relationships.

County
Teen court program seeks to provide young people a path forward
The focus is on behavior intervention, not punishment
teacher and student fist bumping
Del Norte County is in the early stages of bringing back an initiative dissolved decades ago that will allow local teens who commit a first-time, non-violent offense, such as fighting, shoplifting or graffiti, to take accountability and repair harm without getting involved in the justice system.
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County Board Conference
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